Mobile Phone Innovation Essay

Mobile Phone Innovation Essay Introduction Innovation and creativity have played a very important role to the development of technology. The two have mostly had a very close link with human life. Creativity has been serving as a very significant survival skill beginning from the time human beings came in to existence. It has helped human beings to move beyond what worked in the past in each and every undertaking, and discovering fresh approaches. More recently, there have been significant changes in the global economy, which make it completely vital for any country to make its technological competitiveness to be sharper, and this is a direct product of the nation’s innovative ability. At the present day, there is representation of the scenario by the phenomena such as the improved occurrence of innovations, making techno-economic life cycles shorter, swift creation and commercialization of the upcoming technologies, transnationals globalization, â€Å"strategic alliancing of large firms, intensive RD programs, difficu lty in accessing critical technologies, large multi-country RD projects, large countries being threatened by newly industrialized countries and such others, in each of which overriding influence has been that of innovation† (Bhat, n.d, p.1). In essence, innovation and creativity have enabled human beings to come up with solutions to the problems that arise or to deal with the necessities facing them. Over time, there has been advancement in technology and this has come up as a result of making appropriate efforts to be creative and innovative. t the present, one of the most important innovations that have been made is the invention and development of the mobile phone. Long time before human beings came to know mobile phones, they communicated using smoke. Few years later, the bird was invented as being a communication messenger (Catung.com, 2011). Taking the case in China, there was invention of paper and ink which enabled people to write messages and pass them to others. In the current times, people are familiar with the mobile phone. They are making use of it as being a medium of communication. This device is supported by the internet network. Through the use of the internet network, one is able to communicate with other people across the world (Catung.com, 2011). The focus of this paper is to look at the mobile phone as being one of the most important innovations that has been made in the human history. The Global Picture of the Mobile Phone The mobile phones are currently the dominant technology which the youths define themselves with. The kind of phone one carries and the way the phone is customized says a lot about who one is (The Economist, 2008). The mobile phone is currently not just a â€Å"must have’† device in the developed countries. In the established market, the uptake has approached a â€Å"saturation point† and as per 2004, there were about 51 million users in the United Kingdom (Banks Burge, 2004). As on one hand the demand for these phones tends to be â€Å"unquenchable†, on the other hand, it is after all just a technology. At all times, there will be more pressing needs. However, it is a technology which has the prospect to bring in a positive impact in the human lives (Aurigi, 2006). The innovation rate in the mobile phone industry is quite unique and this is in regard to the handset innovation as well as the range of services that are offered. In the course of the past few years, the mobile phone has turned out to the main information communication device â€Å"spurred on by the earlier introduction of text messaging and the more recent mobile internet services (Wireless Application Protocol, WAP)† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.9). During the initial years of its invention, there was over-hyping of WAP and its promotion was poor to doubtful public and this resulted in disappointing the public. However, in the more recent times, as pointed out by Banks Burge (2004), â€Å"the introduction on some phones of color screens, polyphonic sounds, build-in cameras, and innovative operating systems enabled WAP-related services to come of age, and servcies such as Vodafone live are a testament to how far things have come† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.9). Having innovation racing ahead in the developed countries, there is a threat of the developing nations being left behind, technologically. The suitably titled â€Å"digital divide† â€Å"was already an issue, with emphasis on access to telephones, computers and the internet† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.10). For a number of reasons, the mobile phones have been in a position to â€Å"leapfrog† some obstacles, and following this, they have gotten themselves at the front position of the â€Å"digital divide† debate (Banks Burge, 2004). Individuals in some of the poor nations in the world are now accessible to the mobile phones. Banks Burge (2004) points out that â€Å"addressing their specific needs, and supporting and encouraging the use of mobile technology as a force for positive social and environmental change presents the industry with unique challenges and opportunities† (Banks Burge, 2004,p.10). Developed world perspective The mobile phone has turned out to be an integral part of the people’s daily life. In a large number of countries, over a half the population has mobile phones and in some of the developing countries, these phones are mostly the only means of telecommunication of the people (Vodafone, 2005). Other than the questions that have not yet been answered that relate to health, the positive utilization of the mobile phones rests greatly in our hands, those of the government, when it comes to the safety regulations as well as the environmental issues, it rests in the hands of operators who can take the necessary measures to make sure there is smooth integration of the technology in to the society in regard to equipment design as well as aesthetics, and through measures that assist in the training of people in the mobile phone etiquette; in employers’ hands who can make necessary efforts to make sure that the employees that have the corporate mobiles are not abused; and eventuall y, in the hands of the users, who are supposed to develop a higher level of knowledge and work in order to make sure that their use of the mobile phones does not impact them in a negative way; impacting their lives as well as those people around them (International Telecommunications Union, 2004). It is of very great significance to have recognition that the mobile phone innovations in the United Kingdom â€Å"in support of developmental, environmental and conservation needs could easily be adapted in the rest of the world† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.10). In Europe, projects have been set up, that make use of mobile phone technology in order to support the environmental activities as well as socio-economic development. These encompass passing over data to the doctors in order to make it possible to have remote diagnosis and offer patient support and farmers being in a position to engage in the updating of livestock databases through GPRS on the mobile handset among other initiatives. By getting knowledge from these initiatives, there can be transferring of knowledge countries and be adapted in line with the specific needs and context and skills to the developing. Such kind of learning as well as innovation calls for the need to have resources and much commitment. The â€Å"Vodafone Group Foundation† has offered both of them, giving out a grant to FFI to engage in research project development in to the way â€Å"mobile technology can support international conservation and sustainable development efforts† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.11). It is a good indication that there are some mobile operators in Europe who have engaged in the publishing of the ‘Corporate Environmental and Social Responsibilities policies. This, with no doubt, is a good business practice and it as well serves to open up the opportunity for organizations like FFI to engage in the piloting and developing of applications for the conservation projects. Moreover, the CESR statements as well as activities of corporations are supposed to be monitored on a continual basis and there should be evaluation of their impact and improvement of their effectiveness. The big challenge will be to implement the newly developed policies. Developing World Perspective The unquenchable appetite for mobile phones of the African people has made Africa to be actually a profitable market for the â€Å"high-tech gadgets† which were introduced just less than twenty years ago. Since then, â€Å"the sales figures have masked a larger social story: how the proliferation of cell phones is changing Africans’ relationships with one another’ (Klonner Nolen, 2008, p15). The expansion of the mobile phone industry in such a country as Cameroon is being choked by costly mobile phone handsets, with a motorbike being less costly than a mobile phone. â€Å"Cameroonians are keen to be part of the world by using cellular telephones†¦cell phone manufacturers and network operators themselves are best placed to change this dire situation, but they seem unaware or uninterested in solving the problem† (Banks Burge, 2004, p.5). In a different way from other high-tech gadgets, the mobile phones are getting an easily accessible market in the developing nations. In these nations, there is a quite high demand, even if this industry is relatively a new one; the service providers in the industry seem to be highly profitable, especially operationally. Having some operators being in a position of making a profit within a few months of being in operation, there has recently been a scramble or partners and licenses (Banks Burge, 2004). Basing on history, the main reason why there has been a low uptake of a large number of ICTs in the developing nations lies in the cost of the equipment and also in the absence of the supporting infrastructure. In addition, the logistical problem, the great distances involved and lack of money and political will, have implied that expanding fixed line networks has moved at a very slow pace, and in some cases, it has not even been there. However, on the other hand, in considering the mobile phone technology, the implementation of this can be carried out without running the cables over long distances, and in most cases, the solar energy is always there as an alternative source of energy. Basing on such factors, together with the high demand, the opening up of the market (telecommunications), the readiness of the network operators to engage in the expansion of the coming up markets and relative easiness of implementing the network have caused the mobile phone to be the preferred communi cation method among people in the developing nations (Donner, 2008). Certainly, mobile phone technology uptake in particular cases has been overwhelming. Taking the case in Swaziland, the number of those people using the mobile phone overtook that of the fixed line subscribers in a period of within just two years (Banks Burge, 2004). The mobile phone servces like SMS have been seen to be popular among people in such places as the Philippines and in Bangladesh, by using the mobile phones, some villages have been connected to a modern communication network. Among the development practitioners, there are those who have been surprised following the idea that they initially thought that the mobile phone was a luxury good that could only be used by people in the developed countries and thus was not suitable for those who are in the developing nations. Considering the case in Africa, the demand by people for connectivity has been extraordinary. According to Banks Burge (2004), â€Å"the boom in mobile phone usage has largely been facilitated by the availability of cheap-pay-as-you-go SIM cards and recycled handsets, which has allowed even the poorest members of society to make and receive calls† (Banks Burge, 2004,p.12). The mobile phones as well as other wireless technologies have turned out to be the preferred communication medium options (International Telecommunication Union, 2003). The impact has also even been felt in the rural areas. It has been pointed out that the farmers in the rural areas are making use of the mobile phones to make sure they get the best prices for their farm produce, the small scale entrepreneurs are making use of the mobile to contact their customers and grandparents are able to communicate with their grandchildren as well as their children who are hundreds of kilometers away using the mobile phones (International Telecommunication Union, 2003). The positive impact of mobile phones can be felt when carrying out a comparison of what used to happen in the past and what is happening now. For instance, at the present, a farmer who may have maize and wants to sell can be able to communicate with the buyer using the mobile phone before delivering the goods to him. He can be able to confirm the price and the quantity that can be demanded. However, in the past, the farmer could just transport his commodities to the market without even being sure of getting the buyer who could buy at a favorable price. It is clear that there has been a high level of eagerness to have mobile phones by people in a large number of the developing nations, just in the same way there has been enthusiasm among those people who are in the developed countries, although for different reasons. In the African case, the use of mobile phone is partially attributed to their traditional culture. Taking the case in Nigeria, the average mobile phone, on a weekly basis, is used for two hundred minutes but in the United Kingdom, it is one hundred and twenty minutes (Banks Burge, 2004). But such higher usage may as well be attributed to such other factors as the absence of the landline facilities and emails, large family sizes as well as social networks. Whereas oral communication may be well-liked by people, the high illiteracy levels in some poor nations may cancel out people’s ability to use mobile phones for other functions like reading SMSs. In spite of all these, the mobile phone networks may not, at all time be cheap or flexible like other technologies. In some particular cases, like in Cameroon, the costs of the new mobile phone handsets can really prove to be a big obstacle. In addition, the mobile coverage can sometimes not be uniform. The mobile phone operators may start by concentrating their coverage in the large cities and gradually expand to the interior or rural areas while the markets mature. In the actual sense, though, a large number of Africans are using mobile phones to make calls. There is widening of the mobile phone coverage and the number of handsets is increasing and turning out to be available to the markets in the developing nations. Mobile Phone Coverage in Africa In the year 1999, the mobile phone coverage in Africa was 10 percent of the continent’s population and basically in the Northern Africa and South Africa (Aker Mbiti, 2010). By the year 2008, the percentage had risen to about 60 of the total population consisting of 477 million people having mobile phone coverage and the total area having 11.2 KM2 with mobile phone service. It is projected that by the year 2012, â€Å"most villages in Africa will have coverage, with only a handful of countries – Guinea Bissau, Ethiopia, Mali and Somalia – relatively unconnected† (Aker Mbiti, 2010, p.4). Large disparities have existed in the â€Å"geographic rollout† in this coverage â€Å"prompting concerns over an intra-African digital divide’ (International Telecommunications Union, 2008, p.5). By the year 1999, as mentioned earlier, a larger number of the African nations did not have mobile coverage and they were only such countries as Senegal, Morocco and Egypt in the North that were covered and also South Africa. By the year 2008, the coverage had increased substantially to about 65 percent of the African total population. At that point the percentage coverage in the northern region was 93 and 60 percent in the sub-Saharan Africa. In overall terms, the growth of the mobile phone coverage has been at the lowest point in such countries as Somalia, Ethiopia and Central and West African countries. Whereas the telecommunication industry in the developed world consisting of the European countries, the U.S and Canada carried out investment in the landlines before shifting to investing in the mobile phone networks, â€Å"the mobile phone has effectively leapfrogged the landline in Africa† (Aker Mbiti, 2010, p.4). Landlines are found to be more expensive because they involve installation of wires on every road in order to reach various places and households. But on the other hand, the mobile phone coverage in African nations is basically offered through a network of special base stations that can offer service within a radius of about 10 kilometers. Factors That Determine the Spread of Mobile Phone Coverage The expansion of the mobile phone coverage in Africa has given an indication of a powerful positive correlation with the population density. However, other factors also count. Buys, Dasgupta, Thomas, Wheeler (2009), found out that the probability of having a mobile phone tower in a certain area is strongly and positively correlated to possible demand factors and such factors include the per capita income, the population density and also the mobile phone industry competitiveness in the nation. These researchers found out this by using the â€Å"spatially disaggregated dataset† of the mobile phone coverage as well as the geographic characteristics. These researchers also found out that â€Å"factors associated with higher costs – namely, higher elevation, steeper slopes, and distance from a main road and major urban centers are negatively associated with mobile phone coverage† (Buys, Dasgupta, Thomas, Wheeler, 2009, p.17). Basing on empirical evidence, it is sug gested that these factors, in part, give an explanation of the rollout of mobile phone service in the countries as well, but rely on topographical features of a certain nation. Adopting Mobile phones In Africa, the mobile phone subscriptions have gone up to 376 million as per the year 2008 from 16 million in the year 2000. However, there is a possibility for these figures to have been overestimated and this is for the reason that people may possess several handsets or may have several SIM cards. On the other hand, the figure may have been underestimated because sharing of mobile phones is a practice that is widespread in Africa. The rise in the number of the mobile phone subscribers is something that is quite amazing, putting it in to consideration that the poverty prevalence is very high in Africa. In Africa, it is estimated that about three hundred million people are characterized as being poor and survive on less than a dollar per day and among these people, one hundred million are categorized as being ultra-poor and they survive on less than a half a dollar per day (IFPRI, 2007). Considering the price of the cheapest mobile phone in Kenya, this costs almost a half of the average monthly pay and in Nigeria, the cheapest phone costs 12.5 kilograms of millet, â€Å"enough to feed a household of five for five days† (Aker Mbiti, 2010, p.6). Conclusion Innovation has greatly contributed to the advancement of technology. By people being creative and innovative they have been able to come up with solutions to various problems facing them. A large number of innovations have been made in the human history. There has been the invention of motor vehicles which, through people’s innovative power, has been developed over time. At some point, an airplane was invention, and there was invention of the computer just but to name a few. All these innovations have been intended to make the human life better. The invention of the mobile phone is considered to be one of the most important inventions that have been done in human history during our days. The mobile phone has played a very big role of bringing people closer to each other even if they might be thousands of kilometers apart. This technology is a unique one and, unlike most of the other new technologies, one does not need to be literate for him or her to use it. Apart from using the mobile phone for talking directly with other people, this device enables one to access other services such as text messaging, and accessing internet servcies, listening to music, taking photographs among other functions. In the developed countries, the mobile phone is used for even more advanced functions. For instance, in the U.K, the mobile phone innovations is used in support of developmental, environmental and conservation needs and this is expected to be taken up even in the developing world. In the European countries, there has been setting up of projects which utilize mobile phone technology in order to support the environmental activities as well as socio-economic development. These encompass passing over data to the doctors in order to make it possible to have remote diagnosis and offer patient support. More so, farmers are in a position to engage in the updating of livestock databases through GPRS on the mobile handset among other initiatives. By getting knowledge from these initiatives, there can be transferring of knowledge and skills to the developing countries and be adapted in line with the specific needs and context. After realizing the importance of mobile phones, it is very surprising that poor countries have adopted this device at a very rapid rate. Despite the fact that the developing countries such as those that are in the Africa continent are poor and most of the people in the sub-Saharan Africa live on less than a dollar or even less than a half a dollar per day, this has not prevented them from buying the mobile phones and using them. It has also been realized that the spread of landlines in the developing countries went at a slower pace as compared to the spread of mobile phones. This is because the landlines involve installing posts along the roads to reach various parts of the country making it costly and time consuming. But considering mobile phones, their coverage in the developing countries is fundamentally offered through a network of special base stations that can offer service within a radius of approximately 10 kilometers. To sum up, the innovation of a mobile phone and the development of new features on this device as time has been going by is seen to be a very important innovation of our time. It has contributed to the improvement of human life is all aspects; physically, socially, and economically among other aspects. References Aker, C. J. Mbiti, M. I., (2010). Mobile phones and economic development in Africa. Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from http://businessinnovation.berkeley.edu/Mobile_Impact/Aker-Mbiti_mobile_phones_Africa.pdf Aurigi, A. (2006). New Technologies, Same Dilemmas: Policy and Design Issues for the Augmented City. In Journal of Urban Technology, 13 (3),5-28. Banks, K Burge, R. (2004). Mobile Phones: An Appropriate Tool For Conservation And Development? Cambridge :Fauna Flora International. Bhat, J. S. (n.d). Managing is innovation – integrating technology, market and organizational change. Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from, http://www.business-asia.net/UploadedFiles/ApcttDocuments/Bath.pdf Buys, P., Dasgupta, S. Thomas, S. Wheeler, D. (2009). Determinants of a Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Cell Phone Coverage. World Development. 37(9), 15 28. Catung.com, (2011). The advanced technology of gadget to make to make human life easier. Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from, http://catung.com/the-advanced-technology-of-gadget-to-make-human-life-become-easier/. Donner, J. (2008). Research Approaches to Mobile Use in the Developing World: A Review of the Literature. Abingdon: Taylor Francis. The Economist. (2008). Halfway There: How to promote the spread of mobile phones among the worlds poorest. May 29, 2008 Klonner, S. Nolen, P. (2008). Does ICT Benefit the Poor? Evidence from South Africa. Unpublished mimeo. IFPRI. (2007). The World’s Most Deprived: Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Poverty and Hunger. 2020 Discussion Paper No. 43. Washington, D.C: IFPRI International Telecommunication Union. (2008). World Telecommunication Indicators Database. Geneva: International Telecommunications Union. International Telecommunication Union. (2004). Basic course on Emergency Telecommunications. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from, http://www.itu.int/ITU/youth/emergency_telecommunications/basic_course/menu.exe International Telecommunication Union. (2003). Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2003: Promoting Universal Access to ICTs – Practical Tools for Regulators. Geneva: International Telecommunications Union. Safaricom. (2009). Industry Update. Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from, http://www.safaricom.co.ke/fileadmin/template/main/downloads/investor_relations_pdf/Industry%20Update%20120309.pdf. Vodafone. (2005). Africa: The Economic Impact of Mobile Phones. Vodafone Policy Paper Series, Number 3, Retrieved on 18 October 2011 from, http://www.vodafone.com/etc/medialib/attachments/cr_downloads.Par.78351.File.tmp/GPP_SIM_paper_3.pdf

Call Of Duty Modern Warfare 3 - 1015 Words

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 was an extremely popular first person shooter released in 2011. This game was released around a time when the U.S. was engaged in The Long War, in Afghanistan. Since this is a war game produce during a period of war I was interested in how the game’s was influenced by history during that time. Writer Michael Vlahos, discusses this in his article â€Å"What ‘Call of Duty’ Shows About How War Changed America†. The games of Call of Duty series sometimes assumes the role as a mirror for the United States in certain areas. The author suggests that the soldier’s representation in the game reflects the change in the current perceptions of soldiers. Due to the war, the soldiers lost their positive reputation in the eyes of the people. He suggests that the war wasn’t fought by the people, but by the government. In MW3, this change was shown through the campaign which didn’t include a traditional battle for freedom or the welfare of the public like other games such as Halo. The war was fought as a battle to the death against a Russian-led terrorist group that has caused carnage throughout the West. MW3 seemed to use the opposition’s situation as inspiration to make the game appear more harsh or violent and to help the story. The game hosted a warlike atmosphere with rubble and other signs of destruction throughout the streets. This setting aligns with our expectations and seems to be congruent with war. However the war zones depicted within the game wereShow MoreRelatedWriting to David Vonderhaar, Game Design Director875 Words   |  3 Pagesgames making the next Call of Duty It seems like every year since 2007, Call of Duty has been the same game and for the past 6 years, fans of the series are getting a little frustrated and tired of it. Paying $60 for the same game but from a different developer each year, well this article has everyone asking these questions: †¢ What do you think Sledgehammer’s Call of Duty will be? †¢ What will be the strategies of this tactic? †¢ Will this new studio bring Call of Duty to newer heights? Read MoreCall Of Duty : Black Ops IIi1104 Words   |  5 Pages  Call of Duty: Black Ops III is an upcoming first-person shooter video game in the Call of Duty franchise, developed by Treyarch and published by Activision. The game is a sequel to the 2012 game Call of Duty: Black Ops II, and will be released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One on November 6, 2015. Plot Single-player campaign Call of Duty: Black Ops III takes place in a dystopian future set in 2065, 40 years after the events of Black Ops II. Several countriesRead MoreThe Is Not A Serial Killer1326 Words   |  6 Pagesgame Call of Duty: Modern Warfare to practice his aiming skills. On the contrary, â€Å"video games did not seem to be what caused him to go on his shooting spree.† Anders was â€Å"known as right wing political extremist. He had written a manifesto claiming to have ties to Kings Templer.† (research) In other words he was a terrorist. One could say that Breivik could not have carried out his plan of dimse at the youth camp or have been as successful without the practice in the game Call of Duty: Modern WarfareRead MoreWindows 8.1 vs Maverick944 Words   |  4 Pages1 versus Mac Maverick OS 1) Multi-tasking Microsoft leads over OS X with 8.1 by allowing users to run up to four apps on the screen at once. You can’t even snap two windows side by side on OS X Mavericks. Just as important, you can now snap two Modern apps side by side and have them both take up half of the screen. Multitasking on OS X Mavericks hasn’t improved much. For the most part, OS X is best for unitasking because of its ability to run many apps at full screen. Winner:  Windows 8.1.  AnRead MoreEssay On How Gaming Has Changed748 Words   |  3 Pageshas changed immensely but where will that take us? In 1975the first game was invented called PONG. â€Å"Pong was the first game developed by Atari Inc., by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney.† (History, 2017) So with PONG being the first game invented and Call of Duty being the most popular game now a days I thought it was good to see how gaming has changed from 1972 to 2017. With how the whole aspect has changed from a simple tennis sport simulator to a well detail high programed game. Within a year of PongRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Be Banned1089 Words   |  5 Pagesand led people to believe that violent video games were the culprit in influencing their criminal behavior. Many now believe that playing violent video games can teach people how to commit heinous crimes and because of that, they should be banned. 3. Reasons (Support): Violent video games should be banned because children could imitate what they see. It’s very possible for children to copy what they do in the video game. A famous study was done by Albert Bandura, where children would watch a videoRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Violent Video Games1274 Words   |  6 Pagesfamily, the boy was emotionless, but immediately after the investigators asked what his interests were, his face lit up and he immediately began reminiscing about his favorite video games, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare, and Grand Theft Auto (2013). Common sense media explains the game, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, with a vivid description; a â€Å"bloody military shooting game with disturbing cinematic moments† (n.d.). Could Griego’s avid gaming schedule, and love for the bloody first-person shootingRead MoreAnalysis Of Custer s Revenge Basically Laid The Path For The Wave Of Western Video Game Productions We Ride Today1896 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom all type of organizations. The Association for American Indian Development declared a boycott of the game and demanded that Activision clean up scenes like the one shown, before re-releasing the game. The statement AAID made went as follows, â€Å"Call to action: We are demanding of Activision Incorporated, (the publishers of Gun) to edit and remove all derogatory, harmful and inaccurate depictions of American Indians from the video game gun including, but not limited to, the slaughtering ofRead MoreCall Of Duty is a Parasite in the Gaming Industry2325 Words   |  10 PagesCall of Duty, also known as â€Å"Cod† has, as many know it as, has become one of todays most popular video games. So popular, that Cod has raked in more money than the highest grossing movie in America. However, despite it’s popularity, Cod is killing the gaming industry. Many may be puzzled why a game so popular could possibly be ruining the gaming industry, but it is. Cod is affecting the gaming in dustry through it’s popularity and influence. First however, One must know the reasons for Call of DutiesRead MoreOpposition Towards Violence in Video Games Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pageshave been exposed to violence far longer than modern media has been around. For example, Wired.com writer Michael Venables points out that many of our classic fairy tales deal with violent conditions. He reminds people that â€Å"Cinderella’s evil stepsisters have their eyes pecked out by doves.† and â€Å"Hansel and Gretel kill their captor by baking her in an oven.† People who oppose video games pose a major threat to the development of youth in our modern society, because video games can have many positive

Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado Free Essays

Society should not be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of some individuals. Every society is made up of individuals with different values, preferences, goals and personalities. It is therefore not surprising to learn that some people feel that society should be blamed for any antisocial behaviour the individual might display. We will write a custom essay sample on Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before considering both sides of this issue we will define what is meant by the term antisocial behaviour. Behaviour that goes against what is considered acceptable by the norms opf society is said to be antisocial. Therefore, in most modern societies, murder, drug-abuse, violence and rape are among the behaviours that are antisocial. Should the society really be held accountable for the misconduct of its citizens? Some feel that it is unjust to blame the society because, as a free moral agent, the individual is responsible for his/her own decisions and actions. For instance in Cronica de una muerte anunciada by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the Vicario brothers kill Santiago Nasar to avenge the family’s honour. It is a death that is foretold because they have already made their intentions known to most people i the society. As a result, there are those who blame the society for not having done anything to prevent the murder. In fact, many citizens feel guilty for having remained silent over the matter. However, who made the decision to comit this antisocial act? Who actually committed it? The truth is, the Vicario brothers are the ones who made this decision and committed the act. So should the society be held accountable? One might consider the events leading up to the murder and say that Angela, her parents, and her friends were all equally accountable. Even though she was not in love with Bayardo, her parents were taken in by his wealth. Moreover, her mother assured her: â€Å"el amor se aprende. † Her friends too, discouraged her from any thought of revealing that she was not a virgin. They also assured her that her husband would not be aware of her state, and they encouraged her to deceive him: â€Å"Lo unico que creen es lo que vean en la sabana, le dijeron. â€Å" All these factors led to her being returned to her parents in a state of disgrace, thus prompting her brothers to seek out and kill Santiago Nasar. In addition to this, the societal traditions that led the brothers to feel the need to avenge the family’s honour could be blamed for the fateful events. As we have seen, even though the Vicario brothers must bear the responsibility for their actions, there is overwhelming evidence that the society, through its silence, its traditions, its deceit, and its greed, is to be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of Angela’s brothers. How to cite Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado, Papers

Criteria establish boundries as a helper in a particular setting and within the limits of time available free essay sample

I want to share how much I enjoyed week five , it was one of my most enjoyable weekly sessions of this course so far. There was a bit of laughter and easy going fun, with one of our helper/helpee practise sessions. For one of our helper/helpee role practises was breaking the ‘boundaries’ from a helpee towards a helper. While role playing I was the ‘helpee’ and I purposely had to go over the line, and express and say unnecessarily things, as well as ask my helper questions like †what do you think I should do† and â€Å"would you do that, im right aren’t’t I? † I used what we were told to see how our helper would react and how they would respond by this, with them using there helper skills. Carrie’ who was my helper responded by asking , â€Å" Why do you feel that’s important† As well as paraphrasing back what I had shared with her, I also went on to ask more questions, and she replied, â€Å"This is your time, its about you†. We will write a custom essay sample on Criteria establish boundries as a helper in a particular setting and within the limits of time available or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a helper that was a very competent approached through role play even though I was trying to break the boundaries, the helper remembered her skills. I Page 11 feel this was the best outcome for her to say back towards me. On one of our ’triad’ works, what we did was to also break the ‘Boundaries’. When it was my turn to become a helper, I started by going through my confidentially and boundaries. Stating our time boundaries, as I feel that its very important, our session was for only 10 minuets through practise, but in a real life situation, and a helpee/clinent had turned up 20 minuets late and there appointment was for 50 minuets, and it started at 9. 00am and they didn’t attend till 9. 20, the appointment would still end at 9. 50am, as I belief this boundaries must be kept to, professionally to the helper, and even more towards the helpee, so they can understand the time boundaries of the session, so they know that is just as important for them, and they know that is ‘there’ time for them to share or just gather their thoughts,, I feel its very important to to understand that your boundaries will be pushed as a helper,, with question, time limits, as a helper, its essential to establish the boundaries and to remember the limits of it, and as well as having boundaries outside a helpers/helpee session, I see its good to make clear in a helping session whats shared in the session stays there, and not to be spoken out outside, for example I think that if I was in the future in a counselling role, and a helpee/client approached me or a helper outside the session, weather its in the car park Page 12 of the session or a week on the line at an event/or shopping, and a helpee approached me with the issue or another issue, that would be inappropriate, I would then have to explain its breaking our contract of boundaries, aswell have to explain its important that what they made need to express, in the best interest for them, with to my boundaries, they should be listened to in the best way possible and definitely not outside of the session, I would also like to share my thoughts of a non relationship outside of the session as its very inappropriate in both parties, a helpee may offer a dinner/lunch outside the helper/helpee role, which again will be breaking the boundaries witch will be again stated at the beginning of a helpers sessions,

Blue Boxing Essays - Phreaking, Blue Box, Signaling,

Blue Boxing To quote Karl Marx, blue boxing has always been the most noble form of phreaking. As opposed to such things as using an MCI code to make a free fone call, which is merely mindless pseudo-phreaking, blue boxing is actual interaction with the Bell System toll network. It is likewise advisable to be more cautious when blue boxing, but the careful phreak will not be caught, regardless of what type of switching system he is under. In this part, I will explain how and why blue boxing works, as well as where. In later parts, I will give more practical information for blue boxing and routing information. To begin with, blue boxing is simply communicating with trunks. Trunks must not be confused with subscriber lines (or "customer loops") which are standard telefone lines. Trunks are those lines that connect central offices. Now, when trunks are not in use (i.e., idle or "on-hook" state) they have 2600Hz applied to them. If they are two-way trunks, there is 2600Hz in both directions. When a t runk IS in use (busy or "off-hook" state), the 2600Hz is removed from the side that is off-hook. The 2600Hz is therefore known as a supervisory signal, because it indicates the status of a trunk; on hook (tone) or off-hook (no tone). Note also that 2600Hz denoted SF (single frequency) signalling and is "in-band." This is very important. "In-band" means that is within the band of frequencies that may be transmitted over normal telefone lines. Other SF signals, such as 3700Hz are used also. However, they cannot be carried over the telefone network normally (they are "out-of-band" and are therefore not able to be taken advantage of as 2600Hz is. Back to trunks. Let's take a hypothetical phone call. You pick up your fone and dial 1+806-258-1234 (your good friend in Amarillo, Texas). For ease, we'll assume that you are on #5 Crossbar switching and not in the 806 area. Your central office (CO) would recognize that 806 is a foreign NPA, so it would route the call to the toll centre that se rves you. [For the sake of accuracy here, and for the more experienced readers, note that the CO in question is a class 5 with LAMA that uses out-of-band SF supervisory signalling]. Depending on where you are in the country, the call would leave your toll centre (on more trunks) to another toll centre, or office of higher "rank". Then it would be routed to central office 806-258 eventually and the call would be completed. IllustrationA---CO1-------TC1------TC2----CO2----BA.... youCO1=your central officeTC1.. your toll office.TC2.. toll office in Amarillo.CO2.. 806-258 central office.B.... your friend (806-258-1234)In this situation it would be realistic to say that CO2 uses SFin-band (2600Hz) signalling, while all the others use out-of-band signalling (3700Hz). If you don't understand this, don't worry. I am pointing this out merely for the sake of accuracy. The point is that while you are connected to 806-258-1234, all those trunks from YOUR central office (CO1) to the 806-25 8 central office (CO2) do *NOT* have 2600Hz on them, indicating to the Bell equipment that a call is in progress and the trunks are in use. Now let's say you're tired of talking to your friend in Amarillo, so you send a 2600Hz down the line. This tone travels down the line to your friend's central office (CO2) where it is detected. However, that CO thinks that the 2600Hz is originating from Bell equipment, indicating to it that you've hung up, and thus the trunks are once again idle (with 2600Hz present on them). But actually, you have not hung up, you have fooled the equipment atyour friend's CO into thinking you have. Thus,it disconnects him and resets the equipment to prepare for the next call. All this happens very quickly (300-800ms for step-by-step equipment and 150-400ms for other equipment). When you stop sending 2600Hz (after about a second), the equipment thinks that another call is coming towards --> on hook, no tone -->off hook. Now that you've stopped sending 2600Hz, several things happen:1) A trunk is seized.2) A "wink" is sent to the CALLING end from the CALLED end indicating thatthe CALLED end (trunk) is not ready to receive digits yet.3) A

Life or Death in Auschwitz essays

Life or Death in Auschwitz essays "Auschwitz" the most brutal and horrifying German death camp of them all. Located near a town called "Oswie'cim" in Poland. Ran by Nazis under the control of Adolph Hitler. Auschwitz ran for six long strong years from 1939 to 1945. Nazis ran this camp after World War 1 and through World War 2. Also this camp "Auschwitz" was called "Birkenau". By the Nazis running this camp under Hitler's rule they made this camp the most brutal of the three German death camps. Mostly Jews was Hitler's target because they were blamed for the killing of JESUS CHRIST. Also they didn't fit Hitler's blonde hair blue eyed discription. Once they are trained in to the camp the are separated at the door. Only the strong would survive. They picked out only the strong to work for them. The strong ones would be worked to their death by starvation or just working to hard and suffering. The weak ones at the door would go to gas chambers or down alleys and murdered. Also during Hitler's rule he was arrested because he tried to topple the Bavarian government but he failed. He was sentenced to five years but he only served nine months. During his nine months of imprisonment he wrote "Mein Kampf". On June seventeenth 1936, Henrich Himmler becomes head chief of the German police. Also through August first through sixteenth Hitler opened Olympic games in Berlin. Hitler really comes to power on January thirtyeth of 1933, when he becomes national Chancellor. During October through November of 1934, homosexuals are arrested through out Germany. On January thirtyith of 1939, Hitler tells German Reichstag that a world war will mean the "extermination of all Jewish race in Europe". Big and strong words coming from a ruler that always keep his word of doing his job. Then on November twenty-third of 1939, All Jews in General Government in Poland have to wear the Star of David. By telling you this information about Auschwitz and hearing how bad ...

Analyze one week of world economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Analyze one week of world economy - Essay Example Prices slide the better part of the week resulting in weak sales everywhere excluding gasoline. There were declines in sales at food and beverages businesses, clothing retailers and auto dealers offset by unpretentious gains in online retailers, restaurants and bars and home improvements. The control and organize group that excludes gas, building materials, car sales and food services shows a superior consumer enough spending. Although the sizeable decline in the prices of gasoline was foreseen as to enhance general consumer spending, these never happened. Due to the falling in gasoline sales inflation rate dropped, as a gallon of gas prices fell by 18 percent in the week as a result of seasonal adjustments. Personal saving rate also jumped up to 4.9 percent. Moreover, retail sales fell unexpectedly in the week but started rising. However, China economies continue to weaken with the rate of inflation reaching zero. There was a decrease in consumer prices while producer prices plunged unexpectedly. China trade industry of export was inclining. There was a decline in imports and was contributed by the drop in petroleum prices. Japanese economy recovered from the recession and grew with 2.2 percent shaking off the stagnation. Consumer behavior remained soft as the exports increased tremendously. Inflation rate has been moved from the previous rate of 2percent. The gross domestic product noticed an increase of 0.6 percent and the depreciated yen drove up exports further high. Private consumption that takes up to 60 percent of the Japanese economy rose up 0.3 percent. Global economy is slowly and gradually growing and is estimated to grow at 3 percent in the year of 2015.The acceleration was mainly driven by mature economies such as America and the Euro Area mainly because of the decrease in oil

The Divine Comedy. The World Structure and The Role of Virgil Essay

The Divine Comedy. The World Structure and The Role of Virgil - Essay Example Thus, there are at least 3 dimensions of Dante’s relationship with Ancient Greek and Roman culture: the poetical one, that is, the influence of the language and symbolism of the previous ages; the difference in world order in Dante’s and classic thinkers’ visions; and the most specific one, Dante’s relationship with Virgil as outlined in the Divine Comedy. This essay addresses all 3 of them. Poetical Aspect Many Dante scholars agree that the most important cultural trait of Classical poetry in the Divine Comedy is its style, that is, its verse, rhetorical topoi, strictness of composition, and the characteristics of genre (Curtius 353-358). Virgil, as well as other figures of ancient writers/rhapsodes such as Lucan and Homer, was the one of the â€Å"regulated poets† whose writing had an imprint of elaborate poetical systems (Curtius 354). Dante wanted his verse and his vision of afterlife to be systematic and logical. Dante’s structured of In ferno is even more elaborate than Virgil’s: in the Aeneid (VI), Aeneus travels through only three sectors of Hell, not shaped as circles and surrounded by different basins rather than parts of one system (Virgil). Still, the overall structure is the same: it is a descriptive journey with a powerful guide (Sybil in Aeneus’s case) beginning in the dark wood and ending on the light mountain top: â€Å"And takes a rising ground, from thence to see / The long procession of his progeny† (Aeneid VI.1024). As for merely linguistic influences, Curtius finds numerous Latinisms in the Divine Comedy , such as his use of the river (‘Fuime’) image used to demonstrate the eloquence of Dante’s speech as related to Virgil’s (Curtius 356). Most of these Latinisms are Medieval, not related to Renaissance poetics (Curtius 354). They indicate that Dante perceived Virgil’s worldview mainly through medieval lens. Thus, his ideas of human nature and th e structure of the world are different from Virgil’s and much closer to Christianity. The World Structure The meaning of Hell is strikingly different in the Divine Comedy and the Classic culture. Dante’s Hell and Purgatory are designed for sinners, being something like a disciplinary place for corrupted souls; thus, it has a strict hierarchy, and every punishment is logically connected with the crime, like the Diviners in Canto XX who are forced to walk with their heads turned back. The punishments are arranged according to the severity of crime, descending into the depth and ending with the frozen circle, like in other medieval literary descriptions of Hell (Turner 87). As the main function of Hell is punishment, the characters are described vividly, in the flesh, and usually with some moral assessment: Those spirits, faint and naked, color chang'd, And gnash'd their teeth, soon as the cruel words They heard.   God and their parents they blasphem'd, The human kind, the place, the time, and seed That did engender them and give them birth (Divine Comedy III.94-98) This is the description of the souls (disembodied!) about to be transported by Charon. In Virgil’s version, it is Charon who provokes disgust; the souls of the dead are described in a neutral if not compassionate way: An airy crowd came rushing where he stood, Which fill'd the margin of the fatal flood: Husbands and wives, boys and unmarried maids, And mighty heroes' more majestic shades, And youths, intomb'd before their fathers' eyes, With hollow groans, and shrieks, and feeble cries (Aeneid VI.422-427). Virgil’s vision of the afterlife, like that of many other Ancient Greeks and Romans, is morally neutral: it’s a fate, an important category of Ancient worldview. Like Ovid, Virgil believed that death is a

The Best Accounting Software Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Best Accounting Software Systems - Essay Example The software is best for small and medium-sized businesses because first of all, it prides itself with a very easy to use system where you can do almost all accounting job done from calculating payroll checks with correct federal, state, and local taxes, keep track of employees’ pay records including vacation and sick leaves, produce accurate payroll register reports, calculate and print employees W2, W3, 1099-M at the year-end, create direct deposit files and a lot more! Computer specifications to get the most of the software would be at least 1gb RAM, 600 MB of free disk space, and preferably Windows Server 2003. What is great about this is that prices start at $249 only depending on the package you need (Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Direct Deposit, n.d.) The second alternative to payroll accounting system would be Andica software manufactured by Andica which is suitable for all types of businesses because it complies with the latest government legislation that would be sure to allow payments of salaries and at the same time be able to monitor the deductions by allowing you to do statutory calculations without being an accountant. Also, what is great about this software is that you can immediately view employee data on the screen and would give you an organized file in easy to follow reports. Some of its essential features are as follows: calculation of PAYE, National Insurance Contributions, Statutory Payments such as Statutory Sick Pay SSP, Statutory Maternity Pay SMP, Statutory Paternity Pay SPP, Statutory Adoption Pay SAP, students loan deductions and perform a range of other payroll functions.

The lesson of the moth

The lesson of the moth â€Å"The Lesson Of The Moth† The Life That Worth Living For. In the poem â€Å"The Lesson of The Moth†, Don Marquis tells a story of a moth, an insect that have a strange habit of being attracted to the bright light. The story is being told by a fictional cockroach named Archy who is reincarnated author. The cockroach finds the moth trying to break into a light bulb to get the light inside; when he asks why he is doing this, the moth gives an incredibly profound statement: â€Å"It is better to be a part of beauty for one instant and then cease to exist than to exist forever and never be a part of beauty.† (Marquis 188). To me, that is almost what life is about. If we do not have a real reason to live, then it all seems rather pointless. One of the major symbols in the poem is the flame in which the moth is willing to die for. It implies that there are things that certain people are willing to do even if it may cost them their lives. The cockroach in the poem represents all the people who live their lives very carefully to ensure a long one. The moth symbolizes all the people who dont. Both the views of the cockroach and the moth are trying to accomplish the same thing: a better life. The cockroach wishes to live his life with half of the happiness but twice as long, while the moth, on the opposite, would rather live its life to the fullest even if it means to be cut short. When we first read this poem, we may walk away and think that the poet is pretty strange, or doesnt make any sense at all. But after we let it sink and really start to think about what its saying, it really makes much more sense. For me, after it sorted itself out in my head, it made me start thinking about a lot of things. One of the biggest was: â€Å"Why are we here? And what are we doing?† This poem also made me somewhat sad, even though there is nothing I could do about it. It made me want to have a purpose in life. I wanted to have something that I would be so devoted to that I would even be willing to give my life to. It also made me think that sometimes we just have to let go of ourselves and do whatever we want, regardless of the consequences. â€Å"But at times we get tired of using it we get bored with the routine† (Marquis 188). The author used pathos to create an emotional appeal that the â€Å"routine† of normal life is non-excite and it makes we ge t bored of repeating it. Without change, life becomes dull and monotonous. Cant we enjoy the croaking of the frog? For enjoyment, there must be variety .We enjoy the sky because it exhibits a variety of color in different tones. Whether it is taste, color, sound or smell, we want variety. Mans genius consists of his adding to the variety. But for this ever-growing variety, life would become so unbearable and the earth would become a prison. â€Å"It is better to be happy for a moment and be burned up with beauty than to live a long time and be bored all the while† (Marquis 188). In this quote, the author uses the logo to argue that its better to live a high-status life for a while rather than staying our head low for the rest of our life. Personally, I feel that that was the best expression of the word that anyone could have ever thought of; life is misery, and any individual who refuses to grow will get swallow up by life. If we have one opportunity, to see everything we ever wanted in one moment, why shouldnt we capture it? Indeed, danger may come hand-in-hand with opportunity, especially in a crisis. Danger is posed greatly if we fail to understand a situation, and when we act in ignorance to our awareness of it. It is out to hurt, to destroy and to disrupt a persons confidence and life. This will always be somewhat scary, but to live one life to its fullest we always have to take some risks. This is where self-confident is so important. If having a successful life was without risk, then everyone would have successful lives. However, not everything in a crisis is as adverse as it appears to be, despite the great danger posed in the situation, opportunities are often extended. As one saying goes, When one door closes, another one opens†; anyone who realizes that these opportunities when taken may be the solution of the crisis problem, they will onto the road of gleaming success. â€Å"But at the same time I wish there was something I wanted as badly as he wanted to fry himself† (Marquis 188); we do not only have to be smart and mature enough in the thinking of tackling the opportunity, we also has to possess a great deal of determination, fortitude and will power in order for success to reign in the final showdown. â€Å"I do not agree with him myself, I would rather have half the happiness and twice the longevity† (Marquis 188). We could see clearly the ethos in this quote: the author, being a coc kroach, doesnt agree with the idea of shining for a while then be burned up, and he choose the longevity over the happiness. I dont agree with author, you know why? Too often many of us go through our lives on autopilot, without even knowing it. You wake up in the morning, and then do the same old rituals. You go to the office or to school. You meet the same people, do the same job, and travel the same road. Next day, same story. We just let each day pass like the one before it. And when we reach old age, we might look back on life with â€Å"I should haves† and regrets. â€Å"The Lesson of the Moth† explains not only why moths always want to â€Å"immolate† themselves on lights, but also reveals a philosophy on life in a humorous way. The moths philosophy ironically made sense, because to live without ever experiencing something beautiful is truly torture. The extreme consequences of death with beauty or â€Å"longevity† without beauty are hard to decide between. The moth also explains how human beings used to be â€Å"come easy, go easy† but have become too civilized and stuck-up to enjoy themselves thoroughly. The moth says, â€Å"our attitude towards life is come easy, go easy, we are like human beings used to be before they became too civilized to enjoy themselves† (Marquis 188), the moth is right for the most part about humans being too civilized, but there are the few, the proud, the ones who dare people to drop all seriousness and go out and have fun. The people with the most money should be having the most fun, but they seem to just be too civilized to have a good time. The moth has a real good spin on a serious issue and yet makes the reader laugh while reading it. â€Å"The Lesson of the Moth† is a well-constructed story with excellent ideas that is vividly realistic. The narrative moves at a pace to engage and captivate the reader without making the story just a rush to get to the last line. The writing is thoughtful to makes sure that the reader will savor and think about the events presented. This poet is an excellent exploration of a philosophy on life that is well worth thinking about. Works Cited Marquis, Don. â€Å"The lesson of the moth.† Reading Literature and Writing Argument: with additional research and documentation materials. Custom Edition for Oklahoma City Community College. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Printing. 187-188.

Don Juan Ponce De Leon :: essays research papers

Spanish 10th essay Ponce De Leon Don Juan Ponce de Leon "To bad he had to kick the bucket!" 	Don Juan Ponce de Leon was a Spanish conqueror and explorer. He was born around 1460 in San Tervas de Campos, Spain. Ponce de Leon lived during an age of great discovery and excitement. Ponce de Leon is well known, claiming and naming what is now Florida, the discovery of Puerto Rico, and his never-ending search for the old time classic, the Fountain of Youth! On November 19, 1493 Ponce de Leon was one of the first Europeans to see the small island of Borinquen, the Indian name for Puerto Rico. Ponce de Leon sailed to Puerto Rico in 1506 with two hundred men to the island and found out that it had rich gold deposits. He enslaved the natives, and forced them to mine gold for him. Ponce de Leon left Puerto Rico and returned again in 1508 this time he brought with him only fifty men. On this voyage his ship went through a terrible storm that caused him to run onto the rocks on two occasions. The crew was forced to throw over much of their supplies in order to keep the ship from sinking. After Ponce de Leon finally arrived in Puerto Rico he became the governor of the island. This caused him to become very wealthy, and the most powerful man on the island, who only received orders from the kind himself! In 1511 King Ferdinand ordered Ponce de Leon replaced as governor by Diego Columbus. Life for Ponce de Leon would have been difficult if he stayed in Puerto Rico since much of his power over the island was taken when his rank was taken away. It was at this time that Ponce de Leon began his search for the Fountain of Youth. Many historians feel it was not only to discover the LENGENDARY waters, but also for the gold and silver that was supposed to be at the sight of the fountain. Ponce de Leon explored many regional islands in his search for the Fountain of Youth, including the Bahamas and Bimini. It was during Ponce de Leon's search for the Fountain of Youth that he came to a land that he eventually named, La Florida or "land of flowers". He made two visits to this new land. On his first visit the native inhabitants were friendly to Ponce de Leon and his men.